中新网评:处理核污水绝不是日本自家私事******
中新网北京1月19日电(蒋鲤)日本政府近日称,将于2023年春夏期间开始向海洋排放经过处理的福岛第一核电站核污水。日本罔顾国内民众及周边国家的屡屡反对,企图将核污水“一倒了之”,把一件关乎全球海洋生态环境和公众健康的事当成了自家私事。
资料图:日本福岛第一核电站。2011年,福岛核电站事故发生后,大量放射性物质泄漏到大气层和太平洋,对周围环境造成了难以逆转的伤害,数十万人被迫撤离该地区。时至今日,作为日本邻国之一的韩国仍未解除福岛海鲜禁令。
日本以核污水存储能力即将达到上限为由,在2021年4月13日,正式决定将福岛第一核电站核污水排入太平洋。过去一年多,日本政府和东京电力公司一直在持续推进核污水排海计划。
日本政府辩称,这些核污水经多核素处理系统(ALPS)处理后很安全,甚至“可以喝”,这样的表态无疑在愚弄大众。
事实上,经过处理的核污水仍含有多种放射性物质,核污水一旦排放入海就无法回收,长期来看,将会给海洋生态带来难以估量的潜在威胁,最终危害人类健康。
因此,核污水排海计划推出后,遭到日本民众强烈反对。日本《朝日新闻》2022年3月公布的问卷调查显示,福岛县、宫城县和岩手县受访的42个市町村长中,约六成反对东京电力公司福岛第一核电站核污水排放入海。日本全国渔业协会联合会也多次申明立场,反对该计划。
日本政府认为,核污水排海是最便宜、最省事的解决方案,但此举却将周边国家乃至全世界置于核污染风险中。太平洋非日本一家之海,核污水会随着洋流流动,其影响势必会跨越国界,危害周边国家乃至整个国际社会的公共福祉和利益。
《韩国经济新闻》发文称,相关研究认为,福岛核污水如果排放入海,约7个月后将到达济州等韩国海域,该国水产业和旅游业将遭受相当大的损失。
德国南极海洋机构也曾发出警告,若日本将所有核污水排入海中,不到半年,整个太平洋都将面临高度辐射威胁,包括远在大洋另一端的美国。太平洋地区人民更是对日本该计划持反对意见。
日本作为《联合国海洋法公约》缔约国,有义务保护海洋环境。然而,在核污水排海方案的正当性、核污水数据的可靠性、净化装置的有效性、环境影响的不确定性等问题上,日本未能作出科学、可信的说明。
国际原子能机构技术工作组虽已三次赴日实地考察评估,但尚未就日排海方案的安全性给出结论,并且对日本提出诸多澄清要求和整改意见。在此情况下,日本仍执意推进核污水排海工程建设,这是极不负责任的行为。
太平洋不是日本的下水道,日本必须正视各方合理关切,在与周边国家等相关利益方和国际原子能机构充分协商后,制定合理的核污水处理方案。日本也要着眼长远,若只顾眼前,执意将核污水排放入海,不仅其自身,周边国家乃至全世界都将为之买单,其后果必将会危害数代人。
Fukushima water disposal by no means Japan’s own business
By John Lee
(ECNS) -- Japan has announced it will release treated wastewater from the wrecked Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant into the Pacific Ocean this year.
Although Fukushima wastewater disposal affects global marine ecological environment protection and public health, Japan has turned a deaf ear to domestic and international opposition to dumping the contaminated water into the sea, treating the "global" matter as its own business.
The Fukushima accident in 2011 had sent large quantities of radiation into the atmosphere and the Pacific Ocean, causing irreversible damage to the surrounding environment, and hundreds of thousands of people were forced to evacuate the area. South Korea still maintains its import ban on Japanese seafood from areas affected by the Fukushima nuclear disaster.
On April 13, 2021, Japan announced it had decided to discharge contaminated radioactive wastewater in Fukushima Prefecture into the sea due to dwindling storage space, with the Japanese government and plant operator Tokyo Electric Power Company Holdings Inc. promoting the release plan over the past year.
The Japanese government argues that the water treated by an advanced liquid processing system, or ALPS, is safe and drinkable, which is undoubtedly fooling the public.
In fact, the treated wastewater still includes a variety of radioactive substances and can’t be recycled once discharged into the sea, which will pose a great threat to marine ecology and ultimately endanger human health in the long run.
Therefore, the discharge plan has been strongly opposed in Japan. According to a questionnaire conducted by The Asahi Shimbun, nearly 60 percent of mayors of 42 municipalities in Iwate, Miyagi and Fukushima prefectures oppose the discharge plan. The National Fisheries Cooperative Federation of Japan has also repeatedly stated its opposition in public.
The Japanese government believes that dumping Fukushima wastewater into the sea is the cheapest and most convenient solution, but neighboring countries and even the whole world will be at risk of nuclear pollution.
The Pacific Ocean doesn’t belong to Japan and the wastewater flow along oceanic currents will surely break boundaries and endanger public welfare and the interests of neighboring countries and even the international community.
The Korea Economic Daily reported that related research concluded that if contaminated water from Fukushima is released into the ocean, it would only take seven months for the contaminated water to reach the shores of Jeju Island, with the country's aquaculture and tourism suffering considerable losses.
According to the calculation of a German marine scientific research institute, radioactive materials will spread to most of the Pacific Ocean within half a year from the date of discharge, and the U.S. and Canada will be affected by nuclear pollution. People in the Pacific region also oppose the discharge plan.
As a participant of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, Japan has the obligation of protecting the marine environment.
However, it hasn’t offered a full and convincing explanation on issues like the legitimacy of the discharge plan, the reliability of data on the nuclear-contaminated water, the efficacy of the treatment system or the uncertainty of environmental impact.
Though the IAEA has yet to complete a comprehensive review after three investigations in Japan, the Japanese side has been pushing through the approval process for its discharge plan and even started building facilities for the discharge. It is rather irresponsible for Japan to act against public opinion at home and concerns abroad.
The Pacific Ocean is not a private Japanese sewer. The country must seriously heed the voices of the international community and make a reasonable plan for the Fukushima wastewater disposal after full consultation with stakeholders and international agencies.
If it only seeks instant interest and insists on discharging the contaminated water into the sea, not only itself, but also its neighboring countries and the entire world will pay for the decision and several generations will be forced to bear the consequence.
“元宇宙+教育” 会碰撞出怎样的火花?****** ◎本报记者 张盖伦 近日,第五届世界教育前沿论坛举行。在该论坛“元宇宙与教育”环节的尾声,北京大学教育学院原副院长、中国教育技术协会教育游戏专委会理事长尚俊杰向与会嘉宾提了一个问题:元宇宙常态化应用到教育领域还需多久?这也是近一年来常被探讨的话题。 我国教育信息化经过近十年的大力推进,已经实现了跨越式发展。教育部提供的数据显示,全国各级各类学校全部接入互联网,所有学校出口带宽达到100兆以上,接入无线网的学校数超过21万所,99.5%的中小学拥有多媒体教室。 那么,下一个十年,像元宇宙这样的新技术又将如何影响教育? 元宇宙是教育信息化的高级阶段 尚俊杰指出,元宇宙的本质就是与现实世界交互融通的数字化交互环境。狭义上,它是指基于VR/AR、人工智能技术实现的让人身临其境的虚拟世界;广义上,它可涵盖数字世界的所有概念,从当前的互联网到未来虚实融合的数字化世界都是元宇宙。 信息技术对教育具有革命性影响,新的技术,总会给教育变革带来新的可能。尚俊杰总结,元宇宙可以为学生带来更具临场感、体验感的学习环境,还可以创造混合现实的学习环境。 不过,元宇宙不是教育的万能药。尚俊杰坦言,教育是个“慢领域”,不要指望有某个技术能突然地变革它。可以把元宇宙看作教育信息化的高级阶段。长期来看,元宇宙属于颠覆性技术,但短期来看,它的发展还有许多不确定因素,要重视元宇宙研究,为业界实践提供理论指引。 尚俊杰表示,要把教育元宇宙融入教育信息化的长远规划和顶层设计中,明确发展目标和具体方案,为教育元宇宙的健康有序和可持续发展提供政策指导。 他还指出,应以教育新基建推动教育元宇宙发展,将教育元宇宙纳入教育数字化战略行动方案,加快推进教育专网建设,推动5G、VR/AR、人工智能、区块链等技术在教育领域广泛落地应用,建构智能学习交互等教育新场景。“只有推动教育基建,我们的元宇宙才可能真正‘搭’起来。否则,如果网络很卡顿,学生就不会有兴趣。”尚俊杰说。 他表示,还需加强教育元宇宙相关技术标准的制定,首先要明确元宇宙的技术架构和规则,在此基础上,根据教育领域的实际需求,面向学生全面健康成长,结合各学科课程内容、课程标准和相关研究,发现教育的一般规律和特殊规律,并进一步总结迭代,形成适用于教育领域的元宇宙技术标准和伦理规则。 各层级教育元宇宙发展各有侧重 元宇宙在教育领域的应用,最终仍要落脚到学习上。 华东师范大学信息管理系教授许鑫认为,元宇宙在高等教育、基础教育和职业教育领域落地的典型场景和研发的重点方向会有不同侧重。 在高等教育领域,侧重于元宇宙在产教融合方面的落地和社交属性的体现;在职业教育领域,侧重于借助自动化内容生成工具,为数字虚拟场景快速搭建、VR教学资源自动生成、数字人教师实现等赋能;在基础教育领域,则聚焦科学教育,开展学生VR环境下学习能力、抗压能力测评的系列研究。 值得一提的是,许鑫强调,元宇宙在基础教育领域的应用还需慎重。此前,他们考虑进行课件的3D转换,比如把课堂上立体几何的内容通过3D的方式直接呈现给同学们。但是研究数学的老师给出了不同的观点——他们担心这样会限制学生的空间想象力。“当给学生提供沉浸式学习环境时,他们注意力究竟是比以前更集中,还是更分散?这都需要进一步研究。”许鑫说。 “教育元宇宙的发展要能够把握教育的本质,不是为了用技术而用技术,而是真正让技术促进学生的成长和进步。”许鑫强调。 (文图:赵筱尘 巫邓炎) [责编:天天中] 阅读剩余全文() |