资料图:日本福岛第一核电站。
2011年,福岛核电站事故发生后,大量放射性物质泄漏到大气层和太平洋,对周围环境造成了难以逆转的伤害,数十万人被迫撤离该地区。时至今日,作为日本邻国之一的韩国仍未解除福岛海鲜禁令。
日本以核污水存储能力即将达到上限为由,在2021年4月13日,正式决定将福岛第一核电站核污水排入太平洋。过去一年多,日本政府和东京电力公司一直在持续推进核污水排海计划。
日本政府辩称,这些核污水经多核素处理系统(ALPS)处理后很安全,甚至“可以喝”,这样的表态无疑在愚弄大众。
事实上,经过处理的核污水仍含有多种放射性物质,核污水一旦排放入海就无法回收,长期来看,将会给海洋生态带来难以估量的潜在威胁,最终危害人类健康。
因此,核污水排海计划推出后,遭到日本民众强烈反对。日本《朝日新闻》2022年3月公布的问卷调查显示,福岛县、宫城县和岩手县受访的42个市町村长中,约六成反对东京电力公司福岛第一核电站核污水排放入海。日本全国渔业协会联合会也多次申明立场,反对该计划。
日本政府认为,核污水排海是最便宜、最省事的解决方案,但此举却将周边国家乃至全世界置于核污染风险中。太平洋非日本一家之海,核污水会随着洋流流动,其影响势必会跨越国界,危害周边国家乃至整个国际社会的公共福祉和利益。
《韩国经济新闻》发文称,相关研究认为,福岛核污水如果排放入海,约7个月后将到达济州等韩国海域,该国水产业和旅游业将遭受相当大的损失。
德国南极海洋机构也曾发出警告,若日本将所有核污水排入海中,不到半年,整个太平洋都将面临高度辐射威胁,包括远在大洋另一端的美国。太平洋地区人民更是对日本该计划持反对意见。
日本作为《联合国海洋法公约》缔约国,有义务保护海洋环境。然而,在核污水排海方案的正当性、核污水数据的可靠性、净化装置的有效性、环境影响的不确定性等问题上,日本未能作出科学、可信的说明。
国际原子能机构技术工作组虽已三次赴日实地考察评估,但尚未就日排海方案的安全性给出结论,并且对日本提出诸多澄清要求和整改意见。在此情况下,日本仍执意推进核污水排海工程建设,这是极不负责任的行为。
太平洋不是日本的下水道,日本必须正视各方合理关切,在与周边国家等相关利益方和国际原子能机构充分协商后,制定合理的核污水处理方案。日本也要着眼长远,若只顾眼前,执意将核污水排放入海,不仅其自身,周边国家乃至全世界都将为之买单,其后果必将会危害数代人。
Fukushima water disposal by no means Japan’s own business
By John Lee
(ECNS) -- Japan has announced it will release treated wastewater from the wrecked Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant into the Pacific Ocean this year.
Although Fukushima wastewater disposal affects global marine ecological environment protection and public health, Japan has turned a deaf ear to domestic and international opposition to dumping the contaminated water into the sea, treating the "global" matter as its own business.
The Fukushima accident in 2011 had sent large quantities of radiation into the atmosphere and the Pacific Ocean, causing irreversible damage to the surrounding environment, and hundreds of thousands of people were forced to evacuate the area. South Korea still maintains its import ban on Japanese seafood from areas affected by the Fukushima nuclear disaster.
On April 13, 2021, Japan announced it had decided to discharge contaminated radioactive wastewater in Fukushima Prefecture into the sea due to dwindling storage space, with the Japanese government and plant operator Tokyo Electric Power Company Holdings Inc. promoting the release plan over the past year.
The Japanese government argues that the water treated by an advanced liquid processing system, or ALPS, is safe and drinkable, which is undoubtedly fooling the public.
In fact, the treated wastewater still includes a variety of radioactive substances and can’t be recycled once discharged into the sea, which will pose a great threat to marine ecology and ultimately endanger human health in the long run.
Therefore, the discharge plan has been strongly opposed in Japan. According to a questionnaire conducted by The Asahi Shimbun, nearly 60 percent of mayors of 42 municipalities in Iwate, Miyagi and Fukushima prefectures oppose the discharge plan. The National Fisheries Cooperative Federation of Japan has also repeatedly stated its opposition in public.
The Japanese government believes that dumping Fukushima wastewater into the sea is the cheapest and most convenient solution, but neighboring countries and even the whole world will be at risk of nuclear pollution.
The Pacific Ocean doesn’t belong to Japan and the wastewater flow along oceanic currents will surely break boundaries and endanger public welfare and the interests of neighboring countries and even the international community.
The Korea Economic Daily reported that related research concluded that if contaminated water from Fukushima is released into the ocean, it would only take seven months for the contaminated water to reach the shores of Jeju Island, with the country's aquaculture and tourism suffering considerable losses.
According to the calculation of a German marine scientific research institute, radioactive materials will spread to most of the Pacific Ocean within half a year from the date of discharge, and the U.S. and Canada will be affected by nuclear pollution. People in the Pacific region also oppose the discharge plan.
As a participant of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, Japan has the obligation of protecting the marine environment.
However, it hasn’t offered a full and convincing explanation on issues like the legitimacy of the discharge plan, the reliability of data on the nuclear-contaminated water, the efficacy of the treatment system or the uncertainty of environmental impact.
Though the IAEA has yet to complete a comprehensive review after three investigations in Japan, the Japanese side has been pushing through the approval process for its discharge plan and even started building facilities for the discharge. It is rather irresponsible for Japan to act against public opinion at home and concerns abroad.
The Pacific Ocean is not a private Japanese sewer. The country must seriously heed the voices of the international community and make a reasonable plan for the Fukushima wastewater disposal after full consultation with stakeholders and international agencies.
If it only seeks instant interest and insists on discharging the contaminated water into the sea, not only itself, but also its neighboring countries and the entire world will pay for the decision and several generations will be forced to bear the consequence.
短些、软些、宽些****** 金仲华 一、最好的宣传是怎样的? 最好的宣传,是使人看不出在宣传;看得出是在宣传的,是最不好的宣传。新闻工作是一种艺术,它通过事实讲话,而不是跟人家针锋相对开辩论会,也不是板起面孔宣传。对资本主义国家的读者进行宣传,更要注意。 华侨是倾向祖国的,但受到反动宣传影响,我们的责任是去掉那些影响,使他们逐步了解祖国。我们的工作还有国际宣传的意义。 二、怎样才能做好宣传? 新的形势给我们的宣传工作提供了有利条件,很多新的地区会陆续打开,更多的任务要我们去完成。要根据不同地区,不同环境,不同对象的具体情况来决定新闻报道的方式。这需要有高度的技巧——要稳,要灵活,要避免主观。因此要研究各个具体问题的宣传方法,要多分析、研究各侨居地的特点、政治气候以及各具体侨报的态度和读者反映。 要记得:稿件登不登是人家决定的,切不要以主观愿望代替客观现实。 三、要多报道哪些方面? 我们经常报道的事情有两大类:一、我们需要华侨知道,不管他们原来有没有兴趣知道的,如官厅水库、治淮工程等;二、华侨希望了解,我们加以满足,使他们更好地了解的,如侨乡情况等。不能认为国内一切大事都是应该大力向华侨报道的,如新近的养猪问题就是一个明显的例子。 就华侨角度来说,对城市的报道要多于农村;对人民生活、工商业、文教事业的报道要多于农业经济;对华南侨乡的报道要多于内地。要多报道华侨熟悉的地方,以及突出的地方。华侨虽很多出自农村,但出洋后很多居住在城市;国内眷属也很多住城市,因此华侨比较熟悉城市情况,比较关心城市新闻。农村人口分散,作为个别的乡村来说,和它有直接关系的人不多,因此除侨乡外单独报道某个村、乡,作用就不大;城市事物集中,和它直接有关系的人多了,熟悉它的人也多,报道了影响的面广。新闻报道要照顾各阶层读者的兴趣。 四、要怎样报道? 报道时要多讲事实,要有故事性,要多一点人物的活动,有时可用第一人称,要能引人入胜。 特别要谈一些中年、老年人所熟悉的风俗、习惯、人情、景物,引起他们的回忆,思乡。通过旧的东西说明新的东西,能使人有亲切之感。 要特别注意报道两种人。一是老人。老人在旧社会是不值钱的,被推开的。要报道那些老翰林、老教育家、老中医、老工程师等。这些人往往和华侨还有联系,报道他们现在在做什么,生活得怎样,会使华侨体会到新社会的好处。我们报道新的人物,也应该报道旧人物的新情况,这才不会割断历史。二是普通人(就是在旧社会抬不起头的人)。写他们现在如何成为车间主任、农业社社长、劳模等。 新社会的风气和面貌也应该报道。 五、风格问题 华侨居住地的政治环境,以及华侨的文化水平、思想水平等具体情况一般都和国内的不一样。因此,针对海外华侨读者的报道一定要有它的特点。但这些特点是否就可以说是“华侨风格”?看来不必要用这个名词。当然,文章体裁方面,内容方面应多样化,花式品种要多一些,因为社会上的人是多样的,兴趣也各不相同。 上海新民报晚刊提出:“短,短些,再短些”,“软,软些,再软些”,“宽,宽些,再宽些”(报道面宽),对我们有参考价值。 国内的新闻、通讯很突出的是一个“长”字:篇幅太长,段落太长,句子太长,甚至“片语”(phrase)也太长。 我们要提倡: 1、短文,短段,短句子。长文章要多一些小标题,这是帮助读者,便利人家看。 2、突出。是主题突出。要使人家看了头一两句就非看下去不可。句子简单明了就自然会突出。外国人批评我们形容词太多,有时过(看)了两三道门(段)还看不出要说什么问题。 3、不要怕重复,报道要有连续性,要追着新闻去报道。 4、文字方面。华侨读文言较多,侨报社论有的用文言写,还要写到能朗读。有些报纸文章短,句子短,用文言又杂用方言,读起来有节奏。这是未可厚非的,它接近劳动人民。当然,文体问题还可以研究。这方面我们虽不能完全满足,但也应该注意。现在我们的新闻往往和语言还有距离。我们至少要做到:容易读,顺口。可以引用一些侨乡的成语、比喻,这能使人更感亲切,更能吸引读者。 (历史资料) (文图:赵筱尘 巫邓炎) [责编:天天中] 阅读剩余全文() |